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        <DIV id=efpContent><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;空中花园，是古代世界七大奇迹之一，又称悬园。在前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪由新巴比伦王国的尼布甲尼撒二世（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Nebuchadnezzar</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）在巴比伦城为其患思乡病的王妃安美依迪丝（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Amyitis</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）修建的。现已不存。空中花园据说采用立体造园手法，将花园放在四层平台之上，由沥青及砖块建成，平台由</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米高的柱子支撑，并且有灌溉系统，奴隶不停地推动连系著齿轮的把手。园中种植各种花草树木，远看犹如花园悬在半空中。巴比伦文献中，空中花园仅是一个谜，甚至没有一篇提及空中花园。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">概述</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　世界八大奇迹之一：巴比伦空中花园　一提到巴比伦文明，令人津津乐道、浮想联翩的首先是&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;。它被誉为世界八大奇迹之一。</span></span><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">巴比伦的空中花园当然从来都不是吊于空中，这个名字的由来纯粹是因为人们把原本除有&ldquo;吊&rdquo;之外，还有&ldquo;突出&rdquo;之意的希腊文&ldquo;</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">kremastos</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&rdquo;及拉丁文&ldquo;</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">pensilis</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&rdquo;错误翻译所致。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">动人的传说</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　千百年来，关于&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;有一个美丽动人的传说。新巴比伦国王尼布甲尼撒二世</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">( Nebuchadnezzar II, </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在位</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">605 BC - 562 BC)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">娶了米底的公主安美依迪丝（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Amyitis</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）为王后。公主美丽可人，深得国王的宠爱。可是时间一长，公主愁容渐生。尼布甲尼撒不知何故。公主说：&ldquo;我的家乡山峦叠翠，花草丛生。而这里是一望无际的巴比伦平原，连个小山丘都找不到，我多么渴望能再见到我们家乡的山岭和盘山小道啊！&rdquo;原来公主得了思乡病。于是，尼布甲尼撒二世令工匠按照米底山区的景色，在他</span></span><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的宫殿里，建造了层层叠叠的阶梯型花园，上面栽满了奇花异草，并在园中开辟了幽静的山间小道，小道旁是潺潺流水。工匠们还在花园中央修建了一座城楼，矗立在空中。巧夺天工的园林景色终于博得公主的欢心。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">名称由来</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　由于花园比宫墙还要高，给人感觉像是整个御花园悬挂在空中，因此被称为&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;，又叫&ldquo;悬苑&rdquo;。当年到巴比伦城朝拜、经商或<a href=http://www.cqe7.com>旅游</a>的人们老远就可以看到空中城楼上的金色屋顶在阳光下熠熠生辉。所以，到公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪，希腊学者在品评世界各地著名建筑和雕塑品时，把&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;列为&ldquo;世界七大奇观&rdquo;之一。从此以后，&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;更是闻名遐迩。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">空中花园复原</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　令人遗憾的是，&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;和巴比伦文明其他的著名建筑一样，早已湮没在滚滚黄沙之中。我们要了解&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;，只能通过后世的历史记载和近代的考古发掘。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　不过也有些记载，虽然提到了&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;，但认为传说中的&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;并不是由尼布甲尼撒二世建造的，而是一位叙利亚国王为取悦他的一个爱妃而特意修筑的。有些记载甚至认为传说中的&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;实际上指的是亚述国王辛那赫里布在其都城尼尼微修筑的皇家园林。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　伊拉克文明优越论是萨达姆产生&ldquo;阿拉伯领袖欲&rdquo;的心理基础。伊拉克历史上曾创造了苏美尔文明、古巴比伦文明、亚述文明、新巴比伦文明，在辉煌的阿拉伯帝国阿拔斯王朝伊拉克又充当了中坚，这份遗产让历代伊拉克人自豪不已，萨达姆更是继承了这份遗产，并在新的时代里大加兜售。他曾对外国记者们自豪地说：&ldquo;世界上最古老的文明是美索不达米亚文明，这是毫无疑问的。&rdquo;在一次公开演说中他提到，伊拉克在历史上曾经是&ldquo;一盏闪光的指路明灯&rdquo;。他上台以后，投入大量人力、物力、财力，发掘、整理、保护和恢复历史古迹，在全国设置了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万多处古迹保护场所。在巴格达的枣拉公园原样复建了新巴比伦王国的&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;。巴格达市内博物馆众多，其数量在中东各大城市中首屈一指，其中巴格达博物馆众多，其数量在中东各大城市中首屈一指，其中的巴格达博物馆可位列世界最大博物馆的行列之一，里面收藏了远古时期曾经在两河流域生活过的各个民族的文物，反映了苏美尔、阿卡德、巴比伦、亚述、塞尔柱和萨珊等各个时代的文明情况。伊拉克复兴党领导集团通过这些手段激发国民的历史自豪感，向世界展示伊拉克民族超人的智慧。这些做法为世界各国所共用，无可厚非，但确实也折射出伊拉克复兴党领导集团强烈的民族优越感，这一点，联系到他们的一系列政治主张和行为，便可一目了然。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">巴比伦城的遗址</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　直到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">19</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪末，德国考古学家发掘出巴比伦城的遗址。他们在发掘南宫苑时，在东北角挖掘</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">出一个不寻常的、半地下的、近似长方形的建筑物，面积约</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1260</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平方米。这个建筑物由两排小屋组成，每个小屋平均只有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6.6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平方米。两排小屋由一走廊分开，对称布局，周围被高而宽厚的围墙所环绕。西边那排的一间小屋中发现了一口开了三个水槽的水井，一个是正方形的，两个是椭圆形的。根据考古学家的分析，这些小屋可能是原来的水房，那些水槽则是用来安装压水机的。因此，考古学家认为这个地方很可能就是传说中的&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;的遗址。当年巴比伦人用土铺垫在这些小屋坚固的拱顶上，层层加高，栽种花木。至于灌溉用水是依靠地下小屋中的压水机源源不断供应的。考古学家经过考证证明，那时的压水机使用的原理和我们现在使用的链泵基本一致。它把几个水桶系在一个链带上与放在墙上的一个轮子相连，轮子转动一周，水桶就跟着转动，完成提水和倒水的整个过程，水再通过水槽流到花园中进行灌溉。这种压水机现在仍在两河流域广泛使用。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">今天的&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　为了发展<a href=http://www.cqe7.com>旅游</a>业，１９７８年，伊拉克政府制定与实施了一项修建巴比伦遗址的计划，在遗址上仿建了部分城墙和建筑，在城内修建了博物馆，陈列出土的巴比伦文物，其中，犹以一块高逾２米的黑色闪绿岩石碑的复制品最为珍贵，石碑的上半部是镌刻太阳神将权标授予汉穆拉比情景的精致浮雕，下半部则为用楔形文字记载的《汉莫拉比法典》全文。这部由古巴比伦国王汉莫拉比（约公元前１７９２─前１７５０年）领导制定的世界第一部法典的石碑原件现保存在法国的卢浮宫博物馆。此外，伊拉克政府还在巴比伦遗址和巴格达市内仿古重建了宁马克神庙和空中花园，修葺一新古城的淡蓝色城墙高数丈，重现了这座古城昔日的风韵。</span></span><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还没有找到确切的文献记载</span></span>，<span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而且，考古学家也的确在遗址里发现了大量种植花木痕迹。然而，到目前为止，在所发现的巴比伦楔形文字的泥版文书，还没有找到确切的文献记载。因此，考古学家的解释是否正确仍需进一步研究。总之，传说中的&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;，它的真实面目依旧隐身于历史的迷雾之中。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">空中花园最令人称奇的地方是供水系统。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　巴比伦空中花园最令人称奇的地方是那个供水系统，因为巴比伦雨水不多，而空中花园的遗址相信亦远离幼发拉底河，所以研究人员认为空中花园应有不少如图所示的输水设备，奴隶不停地推动连紧着齿轮的把手，把地下水运到最高一层的储水池，再经人工河流返回地面。另一个难题，是在保养方面，因为一般的建筑物，要长年抵受河水的侵蚀而不塌下是不可能的，由于美索不达米亚平原</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(Mesopotamianplain)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">没有太多石块，因此研究人员相信空中花园所用的砖块是与别不同，它们被加入了芦苇、沥青及瓦，更有文献指石块被加入了一层铅，以防止河水渗入地基。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　空中花园（古希腊文</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">:&omicron;</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma">ἱ</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> [&tau;</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma">ῆ</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&sigmaf; &Sigma;&epsilon;&mu;&iota;&rho;ά&mu;&iota;&delta;&omicron;&sigmaf;] &Kappa;</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma">ῆ</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&pi;&omicron;&iota; &Kappa;&rho;&epsilon;&mu;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&omicron;</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma">ὶ</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> &Beta;&alpha;&beta;&upsilon;&lambda;ώ&nu;&iota;&omicron;&iota;</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）是古</span></span><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">空中花园</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">代的世界八大奇迹之一，又称悬园。在前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪由新巴比伦王国的尼布甲尼撒二世（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Nebuchadnezzar</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）在巴比伦城为其患思乡病的王妃安美依迪丝（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Amyitis</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）修建的。现已不存。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　空中花园据说采用立体造园手法，将花园放在四层平台之上，由沥青及砖块建成，平台由</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米高的柱子支撑，并且有灌溉系统，奴隶不停地推动连系著齿轮的把手。园中种植各种花草树木，远看犹如花园悬在半空中。巴比伦文献中，空中花园仅是一个谜，甚至没有一篇提及空中花园。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">建筑历史</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　底格里斯河与幼发拉底河流域的美索不达米亚（希腊语：两河之间的地方）大约在公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">19</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪（中国夏朝的时候）就孕育了人类有史以来最早的文明――古巴比伦文明；这个地区由于没有天然的屏障，所以产生了古巴比伦多样化的文化发展趋势。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　底格里斯河和幼发拉底河中间的地方叫&ldquo;美索不达米亚&rdquo;，意思就是&ldquo;两河之间&rdquo;。每年春天，高原地区的积雪融化，这两条河就在美索不达米亚泛滥成灾。特别是下游一带，地势低凹，几乎全被淹没。一个流传到今天的巴比伦神话，生动地反映了这种情形：</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font>一位巴比伦国王的祖先梦见他遇到了神仙。神告诉他，洪水就要淹没大地，来惩罚人类的罪恶。因为他一向对神十分虔诚，所以神要搭救他。这个人听从神的吩咐，造了一只方舟，把全家人都搬到舟上，还带了几只动物和一些种子。没过多久，乌云布满天空，黑暗笼罩了大地，狂风暴雨袭来，滔滔洪水淹没了一切生命，只有那只方舟在茫茫无边的水面上漂行。到了第七天，风住了，河水平静下来。这时候，方舟漂到一座山旁。舟上的人把动物放出方舟，将种子撒在山上，大地的生命重新开始了。人类许多民族的神话都受到巴比伦这个古老传说的影响。西方著名的诺亚方舟的故事也是从这个传说演变来的：一个叫诺亚的人按照上帝的命令造了一只方舟，全家人坐上去，躲过了水灾。当洪水退落的时候，挪亚放出一只鸽子。不久，鸽子衔着一片新拧下的橄榄叶子飞回来，使挪亚知道洪水已经退去，万物又恢复了生命。后来，西方人就把鸽子和橄榄枝作为和平的象征。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">评论</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　当然，无论是神仙还是和平鸽，都不能给人们带来真正的安宁和幸福。要战胜洪水，还得靠人们自己。巴比伦人在和洪水斗争中，学会了修堤筑坝，开渠造河。当洪水被制服以后，他们和埃及人一样，也享受到了河流定期泛滥的好处。泛滥的洪水带来大量淤泥，使两岸的土壤变得十分肥沃。再加上这里阳光强烈，水量充足，庄稼年年丰收。据说，小麦最早就是生长在巴比伦的。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">巴比伦被征服</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　住在巴比伦北面的亚述人十分强悍。公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪（中国已经进入春秋时代），亚述成为一个庞大的军事帝国。巴比伦被它征服了，叙利亚、腓尼基、巴勒斯坦、小亚细亚、埃及，也都先后归入它的版图。除了希腊和意大利，地中海沿岸几乎都被它占领了。亚述的首都叫尼尼微，那里修建了许多宏伟的宫殿。公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">612</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，居住在巴比伦的迦勒底人联合东边的米堤亚人进攻亚达。他们手执带血的长矛和盾牌冲进了尼尼微。全城居民遭到屠杀，甚至连儿童也不能幸免。亚述最后一代国王辛沙立希孔和他的宫殿一起被烧成灰烬。从此，这个庞大帝国连同它的首都就从地面上消失了。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">卡拉被发掘</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　底格里斯河边有两堆很大的荒丘，据说是尼尼微的遗址。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1845</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，英国人拉雅</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">得在这里发掘出两座亚述王宫，发现了著名的带有双翼的人头牛身巨大雕像和许多精美的石版雕刻。后来他继续挖掘，三年中又挖出</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">28</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">座王宫大厅。但是，这里并不是尼尼微，而是亚述的另一个城市，叫卡拉。真正的尼尼微在卡拉以北六七当代的空中花园图片</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(20</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">张</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">十公里的地方。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1849</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，拉雅得在这里找到了西努基立王（公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">700</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多年）的大宫殿遗址。这座宫殿曾经遭到米堤亚人的焚毁。许多刻有图画和楔形文字的泥版还有大火烧过的痕迹。王宫的两间藏书室堆满刻有楔形文字的大大小小的泥版。最大的一块长</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米，宽</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米多，最小的还不到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">寸长，只刻着一两行文字。这些泥版就是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2500</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多年前亚述的图书，内容很丰富，包括历史、法律、宗教和自然科学等方面的知识。过了几年，考古学家拉萨姆又发现了亚述巴尼拔王的王宫大殿和另一处王宫藏书室。藏书室内收藏的泥版文书上，刻有许多关于亚述和巴比伦的神话。亚述的宫殿是由成千上万的奴隶修建的，他们多半是亚述人在战争中掠夺来的俘虏。奴隶劳动的时候，有的带着锁链和脚镣，有的被铁索相互牢牢地系在一起。旁边还有手执武器的兵士监视着。反映这些场面的图画也被发掘出来了。在尼尼微发掘出来的大量文物，使人们能够清楚地了解亚述帝国兴衰的历史。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;被称为世界八大奇迹之一</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　战胜了亚述的迦勒底人在巴比伦建立了一个新的国家。为了和那个被亚述灭掉的古巴比伦王国区别开，人们把它叫做新巴比伦王国。新巴比伦国王尼布甲尼撒，把首都巴比伦城建成一座堡垒般的城市。它的规模就是用今天的标准来看，也是非常壮观的。城市是方形的，每边长</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">22</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里。围绕城市的城墙大约有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米高，是用砖砌和油漆浇灌而成的。四匹马拉的战车可以在宽阔的城墙上奔驰。全城有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">100</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">扇用铜做成的城门。城墙周围还有很深的护城河。幼发拉底河从城墙下流进来，穿城而过。巴比伦城里还有一座很大的皇宫，皇宫内修建了一个&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;，被后世称为世界七大奇迹之一。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　国王尼布甲尼撒在位期间（公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">605</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">562</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年），巴比伦的国力最为强大。他率兵攻打叙利亚，出兵巴勒斯坦，夺占耶路撒冷，灭掉犹太王国，强迫犹太人迁居巴比伦当奴隶，成为&ldquo;巴比伦之囚&rdquo;。在晚年，他还侵入埃及。在这几十年里，巴比伦城人口达到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多万，还有来自亚洲各地的商人，奴隶制经济有了很大发展。但是，在强盛的背后，已经埋伏了危机，被征服的外族人对巴比伦奴隶主的仇恨和反抗不断发生，本族的贫民和农民因破产沦为奴隶，加剧了国内的阶级矛盾，奴隶主阶级内部争权夺利的矛盾也越来越激烈。尼布甲尼撒死后，国内政局立即动荡起来，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个国王被废，其中两个被杀。在东面，力量越来越强大的波斯帝国征服了巴比伦的盟邦米堤亚，对巴比伦形成了大军压境的局面。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　巴比伦的奴隶主们忙于争权夺利，纵情享乐，他们以为他们的城墙是那样高大而坚固，谁也攻不破。他们万万没有想到，敌人会利用穿过城墙的幼发拉底河打进来。一天晚上，巴比伦的一个年轻王子正在举行狂欢宴会。波斯王居鲁士下令在幼发拉底河中修筑了一座水坝，把河水放到坝的一边去。他的军队从另一边放干水的河床中偷偷进到城里，未经交战就占领了巴比伦。据说，有一些巴比伦商人做了波斯人的内应。这件事发生在公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">538</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年（中国春秋末年）。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">巴比伦王国灭亡</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　存在仅</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">88</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年的新巴比伦王国灭亡了。巴比伦的繁华，巴比伦的奇迹，巴比伦的高墙铜门和它的&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;，都变成了一堆一堆的荒丘废土。巴比伦遗址从</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1899</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年开始逐渐发掘出来，使人们能够更准确地研究它的过去。但是，挖掘工作碰到了难题，地下水的冲击使古巴比伦城有完全被毁的危险。如何降低河水水位，成为许多国家的专家们研究的课题。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">附录</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世界八大奇迹列表</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1.</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">金字塔（未毁）</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2.</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宙斯神像（已毁）</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3.</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">罗得斯岛巨像</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（已毁）</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4.</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">巴比伦空中花园</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（已毁）</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5. </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阿提密斯神殿</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（已毁）</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6. </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">毛索洛斯墓庙</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（已毁）</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7. </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亚历山大灯塔</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（已毁）</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8.</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">秦始皇兵马俑地下军阵　（未毁）</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">巴比伦城</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> Babylon</font></span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　巴比伦王国的都城。在今伊拉克巴格达以南约</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">90</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">千米处。巴比伦的阿卡德语意为神之门。公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪前半期，古巴比伦王国汉穆拉比王统一两河流域，即以此为国都，同时这里成为祭祀马尔杜克神的中心。后成为加喜特诸王的都城。公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">689</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年为亚述王西拿基立所毁，不久又经新巴比伦王国重建。新巴比伦国王尼布甲尼撒二世在位时</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">605</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">562)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，该城达到极盛，约于公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">539</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年成为波斯帝国的都城。公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">331</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年马其顿军队入侵，巴比伦成为马其顿在东方的首都。马其顿亚历山大大帝死后，巴比伦城逐渐衰落。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　古希腊历史学家对巴比伦城多有记载，其中以希罗多德的记载最早。遗址的考古发掘是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1899</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1917</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年进行的。根据史料和考古资料，可大致复原尼布甲尼撒时期的城市布局。当时幼发拉底河可能从城的中部流过，主要建筑集中在河东。城墙有两重，以泥砖或砖砌成，间有塔楼，其中外墙最宽处有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7.1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米。城的正门是伊丝塔尔门，高</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米，双重，是为献给女神伊丝塔尔而建。进正门是南北向的游行大街，街道以石或砖铺筑。伊丝塔尔门和大街两侧均装饰有彩釉动物浮雕，动物横向排列。游行大街以西，伊丝塔尔庙西南方是主要宫殿区，即尼布甲尼撒二世的南宫，由</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个院落组成，中心第</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号院落里饰有彩釉砖拼成的狮子图形及各种花木几何图案。南宫东北角有世界七大奇观之一的空中花园。城中有神庙多处，城中心是马尔杜克神神庙和塔庙。城东有母神宁玛赫庙和女战神伊丝塔尔庙。城中出土遗物有陶器、玻璃器、装饰品、圆筒印章、泥板文书等。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　空中花园可以使其坐落城市中的３个不满居民和所有其它我方城市中的１个不满居民变得安定。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　可以启动工业性文明的黄金时代。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　空中花园是上古时代巴比伦人的卓越成就，带给人民无比的骄傲，来到巴比伦的旅人们经常记录下这座伟大的奇观。空中花园应该是在公元前６００年时由尼布加尼撒二世国王所建，代表了工程学上的惊人表现，层层叠叠的花园中栽种了各式各样的树、灌木、以及藤蔓。据说空中花园本来看起来像是由泥砖塑成的绿色高山，由城市中央升起。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　因为新巴比伦人学会了用色彩明快的上釉砖建造主要纪念物，所以巴比伦城的色彩令人吃惊。著名的例子是&ldquo;世界七大奇迹&rdquo;之一的巴比伦城墙。城墙以亮丽的蓝色为底色，由白；黄两色组成的狮子；公牛和龙的图案散布在城墙各处，由上到下一层一层地排序着，昂首阔步，栩栩如生。被后世人称为&ldquo;空中花园&rdquo;。</span></span></p>
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